Foundational Programming Skills: Proficiency in the C programming language, covering topics such as variables, data types, control structures, functions, and pointers. Algorithmic Thinking: Understanding of basic algorithms and data structures, including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees, and their implementation in C. Memory Management: Knowledge of memory allocation and deallocation concepts in C, including dynamic memory allocation using malloc, calloc, realloc, and freeing memory using free. File Handling: Ability to perform file input/output operations in C, including opening, reading, writing, and closing files, as well as error handling. Debugging and Optimization Techniques: Skill in debugging C programs using tools like gdb, as well as optimizing code for performance and efficiency. Modular Programming: Familiarity with modular programming concepts in C, including the creation and usage of header files and libraries for code organization and reuse. Platform Independence: Understanding of writing platform-independent C code and handling platform-specific features using preprocessor directives. Basic Data Structures and Algorithms: Proficiency in implementing and using basic data structures and algorithms in C, such as sorting and searching algorithms. Dynamic Memory Management: Ability to work with dynamic memory allocation and deallocation in C, understanding the risks of memory leaks and techniques to avoid them. Error Handling and Exception Management: Knowledge of error handling techniques in C, including the usage of error codes, exception handling, and defensive programming practices.